Pneumococcus is an important cause of bacterial pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and ear infections. There are >100 different versions (called serotypes) that can cause disease. Currently available vaccines target a subset of the serotypes that cause the most disease. Other serotypes not covered by the vaccine sometimes increase in frequency after the vaccine is introduced, and in recent years, serotypes that were previously suppressed by vaccination have re-emerged. Different vaccines target different sets of serotypes. Monitoring the trends in these serotypes is therefore important for deciding which vaccines should be used in which populations.
The plots below show how pneumococcal serotypes causing severe disease have changed over the past 25+ years, broken down by age group and geographic region. Most of these data come from the CDC’s Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) system, a long-standing partnership between CDC and state health departments.
Trends in pneumococcal serotype frequency in United States
This shows trends in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease caused by different serotypes, as reported to the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance System (ABCs) at CDC. This is a network of 10 sites around the US.
Geographic variation in pneumococcal serotype frequency in United States
Variation in the importance of different pneumococcal serotypes by state
Comparing invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in United States, age 50+ years
Agreement in the distribution of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia among adults
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